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AI rules by state

Pick your state to see, in plain English, the AI rules that may apply to a small business there. Federal rules apply everywhere.

This is general information, not legal advice. Check with your attorney for your situation.

Five things most small businesses should do

  1. Tell people when they are dealing with AI. Say so up front when a chatbot or AI tool talks with customers, and never let it pass as a person. Utah and Maine require this in some cases, and the FTC says there is no AI exemption from the laws against deceiving customers.
  2. Ask before you record. Before an AI notetaker or any recording starts, tell everyone and get their consent. About a dozen states, including California, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Washington, require consent from every person in the conversation.
  3. Get consent before using a real person's voice, face or name. This includes AI copies of a voice or likeness in ads, videos and social posts. Tennessee, Washington and Illinois name AI copies in their laws.
  4. Keep a person in charge of hiring decisions. If AI helps screen or rank candidates, check it for unfair results and tell applicants. Federal anti-discrimination laws apply to hiring decisions in every state, whether or not AI is used, New York City and Illinois require notices now, Maryland requires a signed waiver before facial recognition is used in a job interview, and Colorado will require notices from Jan 1, 2027.
  5. Never post fake reviews or claims you can't back up. The FTC's rule on consumer reviews (16 CFR Part 465) bans fake reviews, including AI-generated ones, and AI marketing claims must be true.

Alabama

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Alabama defines eavesdropping as recording others' private communication without the consent of at least one person in it. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Ala. Code 13A-11-30(1) and 13A-11-31 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Alabama Personal Data Protection Act (HB 351, 2026) Being confirmed

Who it covers
More than 25,000 consumers (excluding payment-only data), or more than 25% of revenue from selling data (any number of consumers)
Small businesses
Maybe
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
Coming (May 1, 2027)
Starts
May 1, 2027

Source: Ala. Code 8-44-1 and following (Act 2026-552; being confirmed on the official code page) · Last checked October 19, 2026

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Alaska

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Alaska bars recording an oral conversation without the consent of a party to it. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Alaska Stat. 42.20.310(a)(1) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Arizona

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: A.R.S. 13-3005(A) and 13-3012(9) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Arkansas

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Ark. Code 5-60-120 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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California

Telling customers it's AI

California BOT Disclosure Law (SB 1001, 2018)

Who it covers
Any person using a bot online to interact with people in California
Small businesses
Yes, if you use a bot online to sell
What to do
Do not use a bot online to mislead people about its artificial identity in order to push a sale or influence a vote. A clear, conspicuous disclosure that it is a bot avoids liability.
Status
In effect
Starts
Operative July 1, 2019

Source: Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code 17940 to 17943 · Last checked October 18, 2026

California companion chatbots (SB 243)

Who it covers
Operators of companion chatbot platforms. Bots used only for customer service, business operations, productivity or technical help are excluded (22601(b)(2))
Small businesses
Usually no (only if you run a companion chatbot product)
What to do
If a reasonable person could think the companion chatbot is human, say clearly that it is AI. Keep and publish a suicide and self-harm protocol. For known minors: disclose AI, remind them at least every 3 hours to take a break, and block sexual content. Annual reports to the Office of Suicide Prevention start July 1, 2027.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2026 (reporting July 1, 2027)

Source: Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code 22601 to 22606 · Last checked October 18, 2026

California AB 3030, generative AI in patient communications

Who it covers
Health facilities, clinics, physician offices and group practices
Small businesses
Yes, for medical offices
What to do
If generative AI writes a patient message about clinical information, include an AI disclaimer (at the top of letters and emails, throughout chats and video, at the start and end of audio) and clear instructions for reaching a human. Not required if a licensed provider read and reviewed the message. Scheduling and billing messages are not covered.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2025

Source: Cal. Health & Safety Code 1339.75 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Hiring

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Get consent of all parties before recording a confidential conversation, in person or by phone.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Cal. Penal Code 632 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Voice and likeness

California right of publicity

Who it covers
Anyone knowingly using a person's name, voice, signature, photo or likeness on products or in ads
Small businesses
Yes, if you use real people in marketing
What to do
Get prior consent before using a person's name, voice, signature, photo or likeness in advertising or on products.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Cal. Civ. Code 3344 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

California Consumer Privacy Act and CPPA ADMT regulations

Who it covers
For-profit businesses doing business in California with annual gross revenue over $26,625,000 (2025 adjusted amount), or that buy, sell or share data of 100,000+ consumers or households, or get 50%+ of revenue from selling or sharing data
Small businesses
Usually no (most 5 to 50 person firms are under $26.6M revenue)
What to do
If covered and you use automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) for significant decisions: give a pre-use notice and honor access and opt-out rights for ADMT.
Status
In effect (regs Jan 1, 2026); ADMT duties Coming (Jan 1, 2027)
Starts
Regulations Jan 1, 2026; ADMT compliance from Jan 1, 2027

Source: Cal. Civ. Code 1798.100 et seq. (business definition 1798.140(d)); Cal. Code Regs. tit. 11, 7200 et seq. · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Colorado

Telling customers it's AI

Colorado Chatbot Safety Act (HB 26-1263) Being confirmed

Who it covers
Operators of conversational AI services available to the public
Small businesses
Usually no (only if you offer a public conversational AI service)
What to do
Disclose that users are talking with AI, estimate user age, add protections for minors, keep a suicide and self-harm protocol, and file an annual report with the Attorney General. Do not say the chatbot's answers come from, are endorsed by, or equal the services of certain licensed professionals.
Status
Coming (Jan 1, 2027)
Starts
Jan 1, 2027

Source · Last checked October 19, 2026

Hiring

Colorado Automated Decision-Making Technology law (SB 26-189, repealing and reenacting SB 24-205)

Who it covers
Developers and deployers of automated decision-making technology used to materially influence consequential decisions (education, jobs, housing, lending, insurance, health care, essential government services)
Small businesses
Yes; no employee-count exemption found in the signed act
What to do
Give clear notice at the point of use; within 30 days after an adverse decision, give a plain-language explanation of the tool's role; honor requests for data, correction, and human review and reconsideration; keep records at least 3 years.
Status
Coming (Jan 1, 2027); Pending rules
Starts
Jan 1, 2027

Source: C.R.S. 6-1-1701 to 6-1-1709 (as reenacted) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Colorado bars recording a phone call or conversation without the consent of at least one party. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: C.R.S. 18-9-303 and 18-9-304 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Colorado Privacy Act

Who it covers
100,000+ Colorado consumers a year, or 25,000+ and any revenue or discounts from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and certain kinds of profiling.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: C.R.S. 6-1-1301 et seq. (scope 6-1-1304) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Connecticut

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: mixed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Phone calls: get all parties' consent (in writing or on the recording), give a recorded notice at the start, or use a warning tone. In-person conversations: the criminal law requires consent of at least one party.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. 52-570d (phone calls); 53a-187(a)(2) and 53a-189 (in person) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Connecticut Data Privacy Act, as amended by PA 25-113

Who it covers
35,000+ consumers, OR any business that controls or processes sensitive data, OR offers personal data for sale (no minimum); payment-only data excluded
Small businesses
Maybe: any business processing sensitive data (such as health, precise location, biometrics) is covered regardless of size
What to do
If covered: privacy notice and consumer rights; right to opt out of profiling for any automated decision with legal or similarly significant effects, and to question the result and learn the reason; impact assessments for such profiling.
Status
In effect
Starts
Amended scope effective July 1, 2026; impact assessments apply to processing created on or after Aug 1, 2026

Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. 42-515 et seq. (scope 42-516) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Delaware

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: conflicting statutes

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
One statute allows recording by a party or with one party's consent; another makes it a crime to intercept a private message or conversation without consent of all parties. Follow the all-party rule to be safe.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: 11 Del. C. 2402(c)(4) and 11 Del. C. 1335(a)(4) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act

Who it covers
Now: 35,000+ consumers, or 10,000+ and over 20% of revenue from selling data. From Jan 1, 2027: 10,000+ consumers, or 5,000+ and over 20%, plus third parties that acquire personal data from a controller
Small businesses
Maybe, especially from 2027
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Until 2027 the profiling opt-out covers solely automated decisions; the 2027 version covers automated decisions.
Status
In effect; lower threshold Coming (Jan 1, 2027)
Starts
Lower thresholds Jan 1, 2027

Source: 6 Del. C. ch. 12D (scope 12D-103) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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District of Columbia

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: D.C. Code 23-542(b)(3) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Florida

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Recording is lawful when all parties have given prior consent.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Fla. Stat. 934.03(2)(d) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

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Georgia

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: O.C.G.A. 16-11-66(a) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Hawaii

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. 803-42(b)(3)(A) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Idaho

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Idaho Code 18-6702(2)(d) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Illinois

Hiring

Illinois Human Rights Act amendment on AI (HB 3773, PA 103-0804)

Who it covers
Employers with 1 or more employees in Illinois for 20 or more weeks a year
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Do not use AI that has the effect of discriminating on protected classes in hiring, promotion, discipline, firing or other job terms; do not use ZIP codes as a stand-in for protected classes; tell employees when you use AI for these decisions.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2026

Source: 775 ILCS 5/2-102(L); employer definition 775 ILCS 5/2-101(B) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act

Who it covers
Employers that use AI to analyze applicant video interviews for jobs based in Illinois
Small businesses
Yes, if you use AI video interviews
What to do
Before the interview: tell the applicant AI may be used, explain how it works and what it looks at, and get consent. Share videos only with people needed to evaluate them; delete them within 30 days of a request. If AI alone decides who gets an in-person interview, collect and report race and ethnicity data (Sec. 20).
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2020

Source: 820 ILCS 42 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Do not secretly record a private conversation or private electronic communication without consent of all parties, even if you are a party.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: 720 ILCS 5/14-2(a) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Voice and likeness

Right of Publicity Act, digital replica amendment (HB 4875, PA 103-0836)

Who it covers
Anyone using a person's identity commercially or distributing unauthorized digital replicas
Small businesses
Yes, if you use real people in marketing
What to do
Get prior written consent before using a person's identity for commercial purposes. Do not knowingly distribute a sound recording or video that contains an unauthorized AI digital replica of a person.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2025

Source: 765 ILCS 1075/30 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Indiana

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Indiana defines interception as recording by someone other than a sender or receiver, without the consent of the sender or receiver. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Ind. Code 35-31.5-2-176 (definition of interception for IC 35-33.5) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Indiana Consumer Data Protection Act

Who it covers
100,000+ Indiana consumers, or 25,000+ and over 50% of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2026

Source: Ind. Code 24-15 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Iowa

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Iowa Code 808B.2(2)(c) and 727.8(3)(a) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Iowa consumer data protection

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers, or 25,000+ and over 50% of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If covered: rights to confirm and access, delete, get a copy, and opt out of the sale of data. Iowa's law has no right to correct and no right to opt out of profiling.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Iowa Code 715D (scope 715D.2; rights 715D.3) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Kansas

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Kansas bars intercepting a private message without the consent of the sender or receiver. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: K.S.A. 21-6101(a)(1) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Kentucky

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Kentucky defines eavesdropping as recording others' communication without the consent of at least one party. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: KRS 526.010 and 526.020 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers, or 25,000+ and over 50% of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2026

Source: KRS 367.3611 to 367.3629 (scope 367.3613; rights 367.3615) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Louisiana

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: La. R.S. 15:1303(C)(4) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Louisiana Data Privacy Act (SB 386, Act 502 of 2026)

Who it covers
Any ONE of: annual gross revenue over $25M, OR buys, receives, sells or shares data of 75,000+ consumers, households or devices, OR 50%+ of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Maybe (the revenue test alone could reach mid-size firms)
What to do
If covered: rights to confirm and access, correct, delete, get a copy, and opt out of targeted ads, the sale of data, and profiling for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
Coming (Jan 1, 2027)
Starts
Jan 1, 2027

Source: La. R.S. 51:1780.1 to 1780.5 (scope 1780.2; rights 1780.3) · Last checked October 19, 2026

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Maine

Telling customers it's AI

An Act to Ensure Transparency in Consumer Transactions Involving AI (LD 1727, PL 2025 c. 294)

Who it covers
Any person using an AI chatbot or other computer technology in trade with consumers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
If a chatbot could make a reasonable consumer think they are talking to a person, tell them clearly and conspicuously that they are not.
Status
In effect
Starts
Sept 24, 2025 (general effective date for First Special Session laws, per the Revisor's publication)

Source: 10 M.R.S. 1500-DD (first enacted as 1500-Y) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Maine's ban on intercepting a call or conversation does not cover the sender or receiver, or someone given prior authority by either. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: 15 M.R.S. 709 (definition of intercept) and 710 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Maryland

Hiring

Facial recognition in job interviews

Who it covers
Employers interviewing job applicants (the section sets no employer size limit)
Small businesses
Yes, if you use facial recognition in interviews
What to do
Do not use a facial recognition service to create a facial template during a job interview unless the applicant signs a plain-language waiver giving their name, the interview date, their consent to facial recognition, and whether they read the waiver.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Md. Code, Lab. & Empl. 3-717 · Last checked October 19, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Recording is lawful when you are a party and all parties have given prior consent.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. 10-402(c)(3) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Maryland Online Data Privacy Act

Who it covers
35,000+ consumers (excluding payment-only data), or 10,000+ and over 20% of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Maybe
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Md. Code, Com. Law 14-4701 et seq. (scope 14-4702; rights 14-4705) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Massachusetts

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Do not secretly record a call or conversation without prior authority from all parties.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 272, 99 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Michigan

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
The statute bars eavesdropping on private conversation without consent of all parties. Courts have been reported to allow a participant to record their own conversation.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: MCL 750.539c; definition of eavesdrop in 750.539a · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Minnesota

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Minn. Stat. 626A.02, subd. 3(d) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers (excluding payment-only data), or 25,000+ and over 25% of revenue from selling data; SBA small businesses exempt except 325M.17 (consent to sell sensitive data)
Small businesses
Partly
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Minnesota adds a right to question a profiling result and learn the reason (325M.14).
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Minn. Stat. 325M.10 to 325M.21 (scope 325M.12; rights 325M.14) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Mississippi

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Miss. Code 41-29-531(e) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Missouri

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Missouri allows a party to a phone call, or someone with one party's prior consent, to record it, unless the purpose is a crime or wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: RSMo 542.402.2(3) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Montana

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Do not record a conversation with a hidden device without the knowledge of all parties.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Mont. Code Ann. 45-8-213(1)(c) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Montana Consumer Data Privacy Act

Who it covers
25,000+ consumers, or 15,000+ and over 25% of revenue from selling data (payment-only data excluded)
Small businesses
Maybe, for businesses with large customer lists
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Mont. Code Ann. 30-14-2803 (scope); 30-14-2808 (rights) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Nebraska

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. 86-290(2)(c) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Nebraska Data Privacy Act

Who it covers
Businesses that are NOT small businesses under the federal Small Business Act; small businesses covered only by the sensitive-data sale rule (87-1118)
Small businesses
Partly
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. 87-1101 et seq. (scope 87-1103; rights 87-1107) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Nevada

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: mixed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Phone calls: one party's consent is not enough on its own under the statute's wording (it also needs an emergency or a court order), and the Nevada Supreme Court has read this as all-party consent. In-person conversations: one party may authorize the recording.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: NRS 200.620 (phone calls); NRS 200.650 (in person) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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New Hampshire

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Recording a call or conversation without consent of all parties is a class B felony.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: N.H. RSA 570-A:2 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

New Hampshire privacy law

Who it covers
35,000+ unique consumers, or 10,000+ and over 25% of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Maybe
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: N.H. RSA 507-H (scope 507-H:2) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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New Jersey

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: N.J.S.A. 2A:156A-4(d) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

New Jersey Data Privacy Act (P.L.2023, c.266)

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers (excluding payment-only data), or 25,000+ and any revenue or discounts from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect (365 days after enactment)

Source: N.J.S.A. 56:8-166.4 et seq. · Last checked October 18, 2026

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New Mexico

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
New Mexico bars recording a phone message without the consent of a sender or intended recipient. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: NMSA 30-12-1 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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New York

Telling customers it's AI

AI companion models

Who it covers
Operators of AI companions (systems built to simulate a sustained relationship)
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
Tell users they are not talking to a human at the start of an interaction (no more than once a day required) and at least every 3 hours in a continuing interaction; keep a suicide and self-harm protocol that refers users to crisis services such as 988.
Status
In effect
Starts
In effect (statute page current as of Nov 7, 2025; exact start date not confirmed)

Source: N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Article 47 (1700 to 1704) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Hiring

NYC Local Law 144 of 2021 (automated employment decision tools)

Who it covers
Employers and employment agencies using automated hiring tools for jobs in New York City
Small businesses
Yes, if hiring in NYC with such a tool
What to do
Get a bias audit within one year before use, post a summary of the results, and give candidates and employees the required notices (DCWP says 10 business days before use).
Status
In effect
Starts
Enforced since July 5, 2023

Source: NYC Admin. Code 20-870 to 20-874; DCWP rules · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
New York's eavesdropping crime covers recording a call without the consent of either the sender or receiver, or a conversation without the consent of at least one party. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: N.Y. Penal Law 250.00(1), (2) and 250.05 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Voice and likeness

Synthetic performer disclosure in ads (S.8420-A, Chapter 617 of 2025)

Who it covers
Advertisers who know an ad includes an AI-generated synthetic performer
Small businesses
Yes, if you run such ads
What to do
Conspicuously disclose in the ad that it includes a synthetic performer. Ads for expressive works are excluded (396-b(4)).
Status
In effect
Starts
June 9, 2026 (180 days after signing on Dec 11, 2025)

Source: N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law 396-b · Last checked October 18, 2026

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North Carolina

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
North Carolina makes it a felony to record a call or conversation without the consent of at least one party. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-287(a) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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North Dakota

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: N.D. Cent. Code 12.1-15-02(3)(c) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Ohio

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Ohio Rev. Code 2933.52(B)(4) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Choose another state

Oklahoma

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: 13 O.S. 176.4(5) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Oklahoma consumer data privacy law (SB 546)

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers, or 25,000+ and over 50% of gross revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If covered: rights to confirm and access, correct, delete, get a copy, and opt out of targeted ads, the sale of data, and profiling for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
Coming (Jan 1, 2027)
Starts
Jan 1, 2027

Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 75A, 300 and following (section numbers as set in the enrolled bill; scope in section 15, to be codified as 314) · Last checked October 19, 2026

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Oregon

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: mixed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
In-person conversations: all participants must be specifically told they are being recorded. Phone calls: lawful if you are a party or one party consents.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: ORS 165.540(1)(c) (in person); ORS 165.543 (phone calls) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Oregon Consumer Privacy Act

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers (excluding payment-only data), or 25,000+ and 25%+ of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: ORS 646A.570 to 646A.589 (scope 646A.572; rights 646A.574) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Pennsylvania

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Recording is lawful when all parties have given prior consent.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: 18 Pa.C.S. 5704(4) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Rhode Island

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: R.I. Gen. Laws 11-35-21(c)(3) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act

Who it covers
Website and sale disclosures (6-48.1-3): any commercial website or internet service provider doing business in Rhode Island or with Rhode Island customers, at any size. Other duties: 35,000+ customers (excluding payment-only data), or 10,000+ and over 20% of revenue from selling data. Nonprofits, HIPAA-covered entities and GLBA financial institutions are exempt
Small businesses
Partly: the website and sale disclosures apply at any size; the other duties only above the thresholds
What to do
Any size: name a controller; if your website collects and sells customers' personal data, list the kinds of data you collect, everyone you sell it to, and a contact email or online form; clearly disclose any sale of data or use for targeted ads. Above the thresholds: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for solely automated decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2026

Source: R.I. Gen. Laws 6-48.1 (website and sale disclosures 6-48.1-3; scope 6-48.1-4; rights 6-48.1-5) · Last checked October 19, 2026

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South Carolina

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: S.C. Code 17-30-30(C) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Choose another state

South Dakota

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
South Dakota bars recording a communication or conversation without the consent of a party to it. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: S.D. Codified Laws 23A-35A-20 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Choose another state

Tennessee

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Tenn. Code Ann. 39-13-601(b)(5) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Voice and likeness

ELVIS Act (Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act of 2024)

Who it covers
Anyone using a person's name, photo, voice or likeness
Small businesses
Yes, if you use real people's voices or faces in marketing
What to do
Do not use anyone's name, photo, voice (including an AI simulation of their voice) or likeness in ads or fundraising without prior consent. The Act also reaches tools whose main purpose is making unauthorized copies of a person's voice or likeness.
Status
In effect
Starts
July 1, 2024

Source: Tenn. Code Ann. 47-25-1101 et seq., as amended by Public Chapter 588 (2024) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Tennessee Information Protection Act

Who it covers
Revenue over $25M AND (175,000+ consumers, or 25,000+ and over 50% of revenue from selling data)
Small businesses
No
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
July 1, 2025

Source: Tenn. Code Ann. 47-18-3201 et seq. (scope 47-18-3202) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Texas

Telling customers it's AI

Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA, HB 149)

Who it covers
Licensed health care providers using AI in a patient's service or treatment; the bans apply to anyone who develops or deploys AI
Small businesses
Yes, for health care providers; the bans apply to all
What to do
Health care providers must tell the patient (or their representative) when AI is used in their care, no later than the date care is first given (as soon as possible in an emergency). Nobody may develop or deploy AI meant to encourage self-harm, harm to others or crime, or with intent to unlawfully discriminate (a disparate impact alone does not prove intent).
Status
In effect
Starts
Jan 1, 2026

Source: Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 551 to 554 (as enacted by HB 149); disclosure in 552.051 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Tex. Penal Code 16.02(c)(4) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (HB 4, 2023)

Who it covers
Businesses that are NOT small businesses under SBA size standards; small businesses are covered only by the sensitive-data sale rule
Small businesses
Partly: small businesses may not sell sensitive data without prior consent
What to do
Non-small businesses: full privacy duties, including the right to opt out of profiling for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects. Small businesses: no sale of sensitive personal data without the consumer's prior consent.
Status
In effect
Starts
July 1, 2024

Source: Tex. Bus. & Com. Code ch. 541 (541.002, 541.107) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Utah

Telling customers it's AI

Utah Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Amendments (SB 226, 2025)

Who it covers
Any supplier using generative AI with consumers; extra duty for people in occupations licensed or certified through the Department of Commerce
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
If a customer clearly asks whether they are talking to AI, you must say so. People in licensed occupations must prominently disclose generative AI at the start of a high-risk interaction (collecting health, financial or biometric data, or giving financial, legal, medical or mental health advice): out loud at the start of a call, in writing before a written exchange. A clear notice at the start and throughout the interaction that it is AI is a safe harbor.
Status
In effect
Starts
May 7, 2025

Source: Utah Code 13-77-101 to 13-77-105 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Utah Code 77-23a-4(7)(b) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Utah Consumer Privacy Act

Who it covers
Annual revenue $25M+ AND (100,000+ consumers, or 25,000+ with over 50% of revenue from selling data)
Small businesses
No
What to do
If covered: rights to access, delete, get a copy, correct (added July 1, 2026), and opt out of targeted ads and sale of data. Utah's law has no right to opt out of profiling.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Utah Code 13-61-101 et seq. (scope 13-61-102; rights 13-61-201) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Vermont

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party Being confirmed

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
No Vermont recording consent statute was found, so the federal one-party rule applies. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: No Vermont recording statute found; federal rule 18 U.S.C. 2511(2)(d) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (S.71, Act 145)

Who it covers
35,000+ consumers, or sensitive data of 3,000+ consumers, or personal data of 3,000+ consumers offered for sale (payment-only data excluded)
Small businesses
Maybe
What to do
If covered: consumer rights including the right to opt out of profiling for any automated decision with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
Coming (Jan 1, 2028)
Starts
Jan 1, 2028

Source: 9 V.S.A. ch. 61A (2415a et seq.) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Virginia

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Va. Code 19.2-62(B)(2) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Privacy laws

Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act

Who it covers
100,000+ consumers, or 25,000+ and over 50% of revenue from selling data
Small businesses
Usually no
What to do
If you meet the threshold: privacy notice and consumer rights to access, correct and delete data, and to opt out of the sale of data, targeted ads, and profiling used for decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Va. Code 59.1-575 et seq. (scope 59.1-576; rights 59.1-577) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Washington

Telling customers it's AI

AI companion chatbots (ESHB 2225, 2026 c 168)

Who it covers
Operators of AI companion chatbots
Small businesses
Usually no (only if you run a companion chatbot)
What to do
Companion chatbots must clearly disclose they are AI and not human, at the start and at least every 3 hours, with added safeguards.
Status
Coming (Jan 1, 2027)
Starts
Jan 1, 2027

Source: RCW 19.440 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: all-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
Get consent of all participants before recording a private call or private conversation. Consent counts as given if one party announces to everyone that the conversation will be recorded and the announcement is itself recorded (9.73.030(3)).
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: RCW 9.73.030 · Last checked October 18, 2026

Voice and likeness

Washington personality rights

Who it covers
Anyone using a person's name, voice, signature, photo, forged digital likeness or likeness in products or advertising
Small businesses
Yes, if you use real people in marketing
What to do
Get consent before using anyone's name, voice, likeness or an AI-made 'forged digital likeness' in ads, products or fundraising.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: RCW 63.60.050; forged digital likeness defined in 63.60.020 · Last checked October 18, 2026

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West Virginia

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: W. Va. Code 62-1D-3(e) · Last checked October 18, 2026

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Wisconsin

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Wis. Stat. 968.31(2)(c) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Choose another state

Wyoming

Recording calls and meetings

Recording consent: one-party

Who it covers
Anyone recording calls or private conversations, including AI notetakers
Small businesses
Yes
What to do
State law allows recording when you are a party to the conversation or one party has given prior consent, unless the purpose is a crime or a wrongful act. Best practice everywhere: tell everyone when an AI notetaker or recording is on.
Status
In effect
Starts
Already in effect

Source: Wyo. Stat. 7-3-702(b)(iv) · Last checked October 18, 2026

Choose another state

About these sources. Each item links to the statute, bill text or regulator page we read, with the date we last checked it. Items marked Being confirmed were seen in a summary and are still being checked against the original. We leave out anything we could not confirm. Laws change often, and we recheck this page at least every three months. See all our sources.

This is general information, not legal advice. Check with your attorney for your situation.

Last updated October 19, 2026.

See a mistake on this page? Report a correction. Fixes are listed in our corrections log.

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